Abu bakr radi allahu anhu biography

But she defended him and said that when he was in her womb, he would move in her womb and would not let her bow down to the idols. Allah Ta'ala states in The Holy Quran:. Surah Az-Zumar. And what good companions they are'. Surah An-Nisa. To have enmity against him is a sign of untruthful. Siddiq means absolute truthful. He was a soft- hearted man and kindly felt others sufferings and miseries.

He used to help the poor and the needy, the distressed and the oppressed. However, he told her that her son was coming behind him. These new Muslims could not yet get used to their faith and its requirements until then. Even if a abu bakr radi allahu anhu biography thread is due from a man, he must give it. If he refuses, I will declare war against him.

Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid radi Allahu anhu was sent to deal with Tulaiha who fled to Syria and later became a Muslim. Maalik bin Nuwarah was killed. Sayyiduna Ikramah radi Allahu anhu and Sayyiduna Surahbil radi Allahu anhu were sent to take action against Musailimah, but they were defeated. In the fight that followed, Sayyiduna Wahshi radi Allahu anhu killed Musailamah.

Musailamah and Aswad Ansi also claimed to be prophets while Sayyiduna Rasulullah sallal laahu alaihi wasallam was alive. Aswad was killed by the Muslims of Yemen. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu's swift and bold steps saved the Islamic State from the serious danger of chaos and confusion. He could now attend to other urgent problems.

His forces were not enough and Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid radi Allahu anhu was then sent with reinforcements. The Muslim army captured vast areas of the Iranian Empire in several battles. The Muslims employed catapults, but without tangible result. The Muslims attempted to use a testudo formation, in which a group of soldiers shielded by a cover of cowhide advanced to set fire to the gate.

However, the enemy threw red hot scraps of iron on the testudo, rendering it ineffective. The siege dragged on for two weeks, and still there was no sign of weakness in the fort. Muhammad held a council of war. Abu Bakr advised that the siege might be raised and that God make arrangements for the fall of the fort. The advice was accepted, and in Decemberthe siege of Ta'if was raised and the Muslim army returned to Mecca.

A few days later Malik bin Aufthe commander, came to Mecca and became a Muslim. The day after Abu Bakr and his party had left for the Hajj, Muhammad received a new revelation: Surah Tawbah, the ninth chapter of the Quran. Muhammad said that only a man of his house could proclaim the revelation. Muhammad summoned Ali, and asked him to proclaim a portion of Surah Tawbah to the people on the day of sacrifice when they assembled at Mina.

Ali went forth on Muhammad's slit-eared camel, and overtook Abu Bakr. When Ali joined the party, Abu Bakr wanted to know whether he had come to give orders or to convey them. Ali said that he had not come to replace Abu Bakr as Amir-ul-Hajj, and that his only mission was to convey a special message to the people on behalf of Muhammad. The main points of the proclamation were:.

From the day this proclamation was made a new era dawned, and Islam alone was to be supreme in Arabia. Many were killed and taken prisoner. Induring the final weeks of his life, Muhammad ordered an expedition into Syria to avenge the defeat of the Muslims in the Battle of Mu'tah some years previously. Leading the campaign was Usama ibn Zaydwhose father, Muhammad's erstwhile adopted son Zayd ibn Harithahhad been killed in the earlier conflict.

There are a number of traditions regarding Muhammad's final days which have been used to reinforce the idea of the great friendship and trust which is existed between him and Abu Bakr. In one such episode, as Muhammad was nearing death, he found himself unable to lead prayers as he usually would. He instructed Abu Bakr to take his place, ignoring concerns from Aisha that her father was too emotionally delicate for the role.

Abu Bakr subsequently took up the position, and when Muhammad entered the prayer hall one morning during Fajr prayersAbu Bakr attempted to step back to let him to take up his normal place and lead. Muhammad, however, allowed him to continue. In a related incident, around this time, Muhammad ascended the pulpit and addressed the congregation, saying, "God has given his servant the choice between this world and that which is with God and he has chosen the latter.

Upon Muhammad's death, the Muslim community was unprepared for the loss of its leader and many experienced a profound shock. Umar was particularly affected, instead declaring that Muhammad had gone to consult with God and would soon return, threatening anyone who would say that Muhammad was dead. If anyone worships God, God is alive, immortal", thus putting an end to any idolising impulse in the population.

He then concluded with verses from the Quran : " O Muhammad Verily you will die, and they also will die. And he who turns back On his heels, not the least Harm will he do to Allah And Allah will give reward to those Who are grateful. In the immediate aftermath of Muhammad's death, a gathering of the Ansar took place in the Saqifa courtyard of the Banu Sa'ida clan.

Nevertheless, Abu Bakr and Umar, upon learning of the meeting, became concerned of a potential coup and hastened to the gathering. Upon arriving, Abu Bakr addressed the assembled men with a warning that an attempt to elect a leader outside of Muhammad's own tribe, the Qurayshwould likely result in dissension, as only they can command the necessary respect among the community.

He then took Umar and Abu Ubaidah, by the hand and offered them to the Ansar as potential choices. Habab ibn Mundhira veteran from the battle of Badr, countered with his own suggestion that the Quraysh and the Ansar choose a leader each from among themselves, who would then rule jointly. The group grew heated upon hearing this proposal and began to argue amongst themselves.

The moment was critical. The unity of the Faith was at stake. A divided power would fall to pieces, and all might be lost. The mantle of the Prophet must fall upon one Successor, and on one alone. The sovereignty of Islam demanded an undivided Caliphate; and Arabia would acknowledge no master but from amongst Koreish. Umar hastily took Abu Bakr's hand and swore his own allegiance to the latter, an example followed by the gathered men.

Abu bakr radi allahu anhu biography

The meeting broke up when a violent scuffle erupted between Umar and the chief of the Banu Sa'ida, Sa'd ibn Ubadah. This event suggests that the choice of Abu Bakr was not unanimous, with emotions running high as a result of the disagreement. Abu Bakr was near-universally accepted as head of the Muslim community under the title of Caliph as a result of Saqifah, though he did face contention because of the rushed nature of the event.

Several companions, most prominent among them being Ali ibn Abi Talibinitially refused to acknowledge his authority. After assuming the office of CaliphAbu Bakr's first address was as follows:. I have been given the authority over you, and I am not the best of you. If I do well, help me; and if I do wrong, set me right. Sincere regard for truth is loyalty and disregard for truth is treachery.

The weak amongst you shall be strong with me until I have secured his rights, if God wills; and the strong amongst you shall be weak with me until I have wrested from him the rights of others, if God wills. Obey me so long as I obey God and His Messenger. But if I disobey God and His Messenger, you owe me no obedience. Arise for your prayer, God have mercy upon you.

Al-Bidaayah wan-Nihaayah Abu Bakr's reign lasted for 27 months, during which he crushed the rebellion of the Arab tribes throughout the Arabian Peninsula in the successful Ridda wars. In the last months of his rule, he sent Khalid ibn al-Walid on conquests against the Sassanid Empire in Mesopotamia and against the Byzantine Empire in Syria.

This would set in motion a historical trajectory [ 78 ] continued later on by Umar and Uthman ibn Affan that in just a few short decades would lead to one of the largest empires in history. He had little time to pay attention to the administration of state, though state affairs remained stable during his Caliphate. On the advice of Umar and Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, he agreed to draw a salary from the state treasury and discontinue his cloth trade.

Troubles emerged soon after Abu Bakr's succession, with several Arab tribes launching revolts, threatening the unity and stability of the new community and state. These insurgencies and the caliphate's responses to them are collectively referred to as the Ridda wars "Wars of Apostasy". The opposition movements came in two forms. One type challenged the political power of the nascent caliphate as well as the religious authority of Islam with the acclamation of rival ideologies, headed by political leaders who claimed the mantle of prophethood in the manner that Muhammad had done.

These rebellions include: [ 79 ]. These leaders are all denounced in Islamic histories as "false prophets". The second form of opposition movement was more strictly political in character. Some of the revolts of this type took the form of tax rebellions in Najd among tribes such as the Banu Fazara and Banu Tamim. Other dissenters, while initially allied to the Muslims, used Muhammad's death as an opportunity to attempt to restrict the growth of the new Islamic state.

Abu Bakr, likely understanding that maintaining firm control over the disparate tribes of Arabia was crucial to ensuring the survival of the state, suppressed the insurrections with military force. He dispatched Khalid ibn Walid and a body of troops to subdue the uprisings in Najd as well as that of Musaylimah, who posed the most serious threat. Abu Bakr also made use of diplomatic means in addition to military measures.

Like Muhammad before him, he used marriage alliances and financial incentives to bind former enemies to the caliphate. For instance, a member of the Banu Hanifa who had sided with the Muslims was rewarded with the granting of a land estate. Similarly, a Kindah rebel named Al-Ash'ath ibn Qaysafter repenting and re-joining Islam, was later given land in Medina as well as the hand of Abu Bakr's sister Umm Farwa in marriage.

At their heart, the Ridda movements were challenges to the political and religious supremacy of the Islamic state. Through his success in suppressing the insurrections, Abu Bakr had in effect continued the political abu bakr radi allahu anhu biography which had begun under Muhammad's leadership with relatively little interruption.

By wars' end, he had established an Islamic hegemony over the entirety of the Arabian Peninsula. With Arabia having united under a single centralised state with a formidable military, the region could now be viewed as a potential threat to the neighbouring Byzantine and Sasanian empires. It may be that Abu Bakr, reasoning that it was inevitable that one of these powers would launch a pre-emptive strike against the youthful caliphate, decided that it was better to deliver the first blow himself.

Regardless of the caliph's motivations, insmall abu bakr radi allahu anhu biographies were dispatched into Iraq and Palestinecapturing several towns. Though the Byzantines and Sassanians were certain to retaliate, Abu Bakr had reason to be confident; the two empires were militarily exhausted after centuries of war against each other, making it likely that any forces sent to Arabia would be diminished and weakened.

A more pressing advantage though was the effectiveness of the Muslim fighters as well as their zeal, the latter of which was partially based on their certainty of the righteousness of their cause. Additionally, the general belief among the Muslims was that the community must be defended at all costs. It was certainly good policy to turn the recently subdued tribes of the wilderness towards an external aim in which they might at once satisfy their lust for booty on a grand scale, maintain their warlike feeling, and strengthen themselves in their attachment to the new faith… Muhammad himself had already sent expeditions across the [Byzantine] frontier, and thereby had pointed out the way to his successors.

To follow in his footsteps was in accordance with the innermost being of the youthful Islam, already grown great amid the tumult of arms. Though Abu Bakr had started these initial conflicts which eventually resulted in the Islamic conquests of Persia and the Levanthe did not live to see those regions conquered by Islam, instead leaving the task to his successors.

Abu Bakr was instrumental in preserving the Quran in written form. It is said that after the hard-won victory over Musaylimah in the Battle of Yamama inUmar saw that some five hundred of the Muslims who had memorised the Quran had been killed in wars. Fearing that it might become lost or corrupted, Umar requested that Abu Bakr authorise the compilation and preservation of the scriptures in written format.

The caliph was initially hesitant, being quoted as saying, "how can we do that which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless and keep him, did not himself do? The fragments were recovered from every quarter, including from the ribs of palm branches, scraps of leather, stone tablets and "from the hearts of men". The collected work was transcribed onto sheets and verified through comparison with Quran memorisers.

It was this volume, borrowed from Hafsa, which formed the basis of Uthman 's legendary prototype, which became the definitive text of the Quran. All later editions are derived from this original. On 23 AugustAbu Bakr fell sick and did not recover. He developed a high fever and was confined to bed. His illness was prolonged, and when his condition worsened, he felt that his end was near.

Realising this, he sent for Ali and requested him to perform his ghusl since Ali had also done it for Muhammad. Abu Bakr felt that he should nominate his successor so that the issue should not be a cause of dissension among the Muslims after his death, though there was already controversy over Ali not having been appointed. Some of them favoured the nomination and others disliked it, due to the tough nature of Umar.

Abu Bakr thus dictated his last testament to Uthman ibn Affan as follows:. He was known by title al-Siddiq the truthful [ 2 ] by Muhammad after he believed him in the event of Isra and Mi'raj when other people didn't, and Ali confirmed that title. There is a dispute over his name being Abdullah. She said Abdullah. I said people are saying Ateeq.

All three names are similar and derived from the same root. He was mentioned in the Quran as the "second of the two who lay in the cave" in reference to the event of hijrawhere with Muhammad he hid in the cave in Jabal Thawr from the Meccan search party that was sent after them, thus being one of few who were given direct mention in the Quran.

Jafar al-Sadiq was also the successor of the Naqshbandi Sufi order believed to be originating from Abu Bakr himself. Much of the available knowledge about Muhammad comes through Abu Bakr's daughter, Aisha. Aisha also taught another nephew Urwah ibn Zubayr. He then taught his son Hisham ibn Urwah, who was the main teacher of Malik ibn Anas] whose views many Sunni follow.

Therefore al-Qasim was the grandson of the first caliph Abu Bakr and the grandfather of Ja'far al-Sadiq. Following a lengthy campaign, on his last hour Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr asked his mother Asma' bint Abu Bakr, the daughter of the first caliph, for advice. Asma' bint Abu Bakr replied to her son: [ 21 ] "You know better in your own self, that if you are upon the truth and you are calling towards the truth go forth, for people more honourable than you have been killed and if you are not upon the truth, then what an evil son you are and you have destroyed yourself and those who are with you.