Hargobind khorana biography in punjabi movies

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Hargobind khorana biography in punjabi movies

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After a brief period in India inKhorana returned to England and obtained a fellowship to work with Dr. Kenner and Professor A. Todd at the University of Cambridge from to He was the youngest of five children. Dr Har Gobind Khorana, a renowned Indian-American biochemist, made significant contributions to deciphering the genetic code. His work, along with that of Marshall Nirenberg and Robert W.

Holley, led to the understanding of how nucleic acids carry the genetic code of the cell and control protein synthesis. Khorana developed a method for synthesizing RNA molecules with defined sequences. This was crucial in deciphering the genetic code, as it allowed for the creation of RNA molecules with specific sequences that could be used to study the code.

By creating RNA molecules with constantly repeating building blocks, he was able to decipher a large portion of the genetic code. For example, he synthesized an RNA with repeating AC building blocks, which led to the discovery of the amino acid sequence threonine and histidine. While he is most renowned for his work on the genetic code and the synthesis of nucleic acids, his contributions extended far beyond these areas.

His work, along with that of Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley, revealed how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the amino acid sequence of proteins. InKhorana made another groundbreaking contribution to genetics by synthesizing the first artificial copy of a yeast gene. This achievement demonstrated the power of chemical synthesis in understanding the structure and function of genes.

He studied the structure and function of rhodopsin, a light-sensitive protein found in the retina of vertebrates, and investigated mutations associated with retinitis pigmentosa, a condition that causes night blindness. Throughout his career, Khorana was a pioneer in the fields of chemical biology and molecular biology. His work on the chemical synthesis of polynucleotides, the building blocks of DNA, laid the foundation for understanding the genetic code.

He also made significant contributions to the study of membrane proteins, including the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin and the visual pigment. Har Gobind Khorana, an Indian-American biochemist, is best known for his groundbreaking work in deciphering the genetic code and synthesizing the first artificial gene. While the laboratory in Vancouver had very little in the way of facilities, Khorana treasured the freedom the job gave him to pursue his own research.

He soon launched a number of projects researching phosphage esters and nucleic acids. Such work necessitated him developing methods to synthesise short oligonucleotides. His publication of these techniques soon attracted the attention of notable biochemists, such as Arthur Kornberg and Paul Berg, who were eager to visit him to learn from him and gain his reagents.

In Khorana moved to the Enzyme Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison where he began working on the genetic code and chemical synthesis of a transfer RNA gene. During this time he and his colleagues determined how the synthesis of proteins is controlled by nucleotides in nucleic acids. In Khorana transferred to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where began investigating the molecular mechanism that governs the cell signalling pathways of vision.

This was a topic he pursued until his retirement in This they were awarded for their elucidation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis. Khorana's work confirmed Nirenberg's finding that the chemical compositioon and function of a new cell is determined by how the four nucleotides are arranged on the spiral 'staircase' of a DNA molecule.

He also demonstrated that the nucelotide code is always transmitted in groups of three, called codons, and that these codons instruct the cell to start and stop the production of proteins. Khorana was also one of the first to outline the possibility of gene manipulation. This he did before any individual genes had been characterised from any organism.

Khorana is also credited with having devised techniques for the creation of synthetic DNA oligonucleorides, which provided a building block for the creation of artifical genes and primers and templates for DNA polymerase. This work laid the foundation for the development of the polymerase chain reaction PCRa technique that enables the amplification of small fragments of DNA to billions of copies within a matter of hours.

In Khorana and his colleagegues at MIT achieved the first synthesis of an artificial gene in a living cell. Their method of chemically synthesing genes helped facilitate controlled, systematic studies of how genetic structure influences function. Process called repair replication for synthesising short DNA duplexes and single-stranded DNA by polymerases is published.

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