Joseph achille le bel biography template
Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia. They independently established the relation between optical activity and asymmetric carbon compounds. Le Bel was born into a wealthy family that controlled the petroleum industry in Pechelbronn, Alsace.
After graduation, he worked with the French chemists Antoine Balard and Adolphe Wurtz in Paris, in between intermediate periods of refinery construction at home. Finally inhe sold his shares in the family business and established a private laboratory in Paris where he devoted himself to organic chemistry and, in his later years, paleontology, botany, and philosophy.
An independent thinker who never held an academic appointment, Le Bel did manage to achieve general recognition as a chemist and even became president of the French Chemical Society in Inat the age of twenty seven, Le Bel presented a brief paper to the Paris Chemical Society that led to his scientific fame, although it may be regarded as his only outstanding contribution to the field of chemistry.
By the late s the great chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur had separated two sorts of tartrate crystals of the same composition, each crystal shape being the mirror image of the other. These crystals in solution not only rotated the plane of polarized light to a certain angle optical activitythe rotation also occurred in opposite directions.
Pasteur called such pairs of substances optical isomersand because they showed no difference in chemical properties, they were represented by the same constitutional structural formula in the new chemical structure theory. Le Bel then extended the structure theory, from constitutional structural to configurational representations in three-dimensional space, to account for the difference in optical isomers.
He argued that if a tetravalent carbon atom combined with four different groups, as in tartrate, the carbon must be asymmetric in three-dimensional space i. Furthermore, for each such asymmetric carbon there were exactly two different structures stereoisomerseach being the mirror image of the other, just like the crystal shapes of Pasteur.
Le Bel's structure theory could not explain optical activity, but it explained and predicted which compounds had stereo-isomers and which did not, an approach that he also extended to nitrogen compounds. Oddly enough, van't Hoff, with whom Le Bel had worked in Wurtz's laboratory shortly beforehand, independently arrived at the same theory from a different starting point at virtually the same time.
Leicester, Henry M. VIII, ed. Charles C. New York : Scribners. Le Bel, Joseph Achille gale. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. Le Bel, Joseph-Achille gale. Chemistry: Foundations and Applications Schummer, Joachim. More From encyclopedia. Updated Aug 13 About encyclopedia.
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Joseph achille le bel biography template
Josefowicz, Leila. Joseffy, Rafael. Josef Tosovsky. Josef Stefan. Paris, France, 6 August Le Bel was one of those solitary workers who make a single outstanding contribution to science and then retire into semiobscurity for the rest of a long life. His contribution was the statement of the relation of stereochemical structure to optical activity in organic compounds.
He came from a wealthy family that controlled petroleum workings at Pechelbronn, and he himself was active in managing them during the first part of his life. Each arrived at his conclusion independently at this time probably because organic chemistry had reached a point at which such a theory had become essential to further progress. The structural theory, which had so well explained many types of isomerism, had failed completely to account for optical isomers.
For a time he divided his work between his industrial activities at Pechelbronn and his chemical studies in Paris, but after he sold his petroleum interests and retired to carry on his favorite work privately in Paris. He continued to investigate optical activity. In he believed that he had found evidence for optical isomers in compounds of pentavalent nitrogen; such isomerism was later conclusively established by Pope in England.
Le Bel never held and academic appointment nor did he ever have any students. In his later years he devoted himself chiefly to paleontological and philosophical josephs achille le bel biography template and to botanical work in his extensive garden. Original Works. Secondary Literature. Pope in Journal of the Chemical Society; and bt E. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
January 10, Retrieved January 10, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia. They independently established the relation between optical activity and asymmetric carbon compounds.
Le Bel was born into a wealthy family that controlled the petroleum industry in Pechelbronn, Alsace. After graduation, he worked with the French chemists Antoine Balard and Adolphe Wurtz in Paris, in between intermediate periods of refinery construction at home. Finally inhe sold his shares in the family business and established a private laboratory in Paris where he devoted himself to organic chemistry and, in his later years, paleontology, botany, and philosophy.
An independent thinker who never held an academic appointment, Le Bel did manage to achieve general recognition as a chemist and even became president of the French Chemical Society in Inat the age of twenty seven, Le Bel presented a brief paper to the Paris Chemical Society that led to his scientific fame, although it may be regarded as his only outstanding contribution to the field of chemistry.
By the late s the great chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur had separated two sorts of tartrate crystals of the same composition, each crystal shape being the mirror image of the other. These crystals in solution not only rotated the plane of polarized light to a certain angle optical activitythe rotation also occurred in opposite directions.
Pasteur called such pairs of substances optical isomersand because they showed no difference in chemical properties, they were represented by the same constitutional structural formula in the new chemical structure theory. Le Bel then extended the structure theory, from constitutional structural to configurational representations in three-dimensional space, to account for the difference in optical isomers.
He argued that if a tetravalent carbon atom combined with four different groups, as in tartrate, the carbon must be asymmetric in three-dimensional space i. Furthermore, for each such asymmetric carbon there were exactly two different structures stereoisomerseach being the mirror image of the other, just like the crystal shapes of Pasteur.
Le Bel's structure theory could not explain optical activity, but it explained and predicted which compounds had stereo-isomers and which did not, an approach that he also extended to nitrogen compounds. Oddly enough, van't Hoff, with whom Le Bel had worked in Wurtz's laboratory shortly beforehand, independently arrived at the same theory from a different starting point at virtually the same time.
Leicester, Henry M. VIII, ed. Charles C. New York : Scribners.